Technique and Design Bidriware hookah base from 18th century. The finished product appears black with brilliant silver inlay. As a finishing touch, oil is applied to the finished product to deepen the matte coating. The paste then rinsed off to reveal a shiny silver design that is striking in contrast against the black surface. The ammonium chloride that is applied to the bidriware selectively dissolves the zinc on the surface of the brass, leaving a copper-rich surface that is oxidized by the potassium nitrate. It is the copper oxide that gives the patina its black color (zinc oxide is white). The black patina is a mixture of zinc oxide and copper(II) oxide (Cu 2O). The paste darkens the brass but not the silver inlay. The soil is mixed with ammonium chloride and water to produce a paste which is then rubbed onto a heated brass surface. Traditionally, the craftsmen of Bidar use soil taken from the grounds of a 15th century fort in Bidar, which is rich in potassium nitrate.
The bidriware is now ready for the final blackening process. This results in rendering the silver inlay hardly distinguishable from the white brass. The article then is filed, buffed and smoothed to get rid of the temporary black coating. Fine wire or flattened strips of pure silver are then carefully hammered into these grooves. This is then secured in a vise and the craftsman uses small chisels to engrave the design over the freehand etching. The casting is now coated with a strong solution of copper sulphate to obtain a temporary black coating over which designs are etched freehand with the help of a metal stylus. The molten metal is then poured into it to obtain a cast piece which is later smoothened by filing. First, a mould is formed from soil made malleable by the addition of castor oil and resin. īidriware is made from cast white brass ( copper- zinc ratio of 1:16). Process of making bidriware Craftsmen chiselling silver inlay in the metal alloy.īidriware undergoes an eight-stage process: moulding, smoothening by file, designing by chisels, engraving by chisel and hammer, pure silver inlaying, smoothening again, buffing and finally oxidising by soil and ammonium chloride. Shah Rasheed Ahmed Quadari, a 67-year-old Bidri craftsman was awarded Padma Shri Award on March 2023 by President Droupadi Murmu. The Government of India awarded him with Shilp Guru award in 2015. Shah Rasheed Ahmed Quadari is a recipient of several awards including a National award which he received in 1988, Karnataka state award in 1984, Rajyostava award in 2006, Great Indian Achievement award in 2004, and District Rajyotsava award in 1996. The other notable national awardees are Abdul Hakeem, Mohammed Najeeb Khan, Shah Majeed Quadri, Mohammed Moizuddin, Mohammed Abdul Rauf and Mohammed Saleemuddin. According to the census of India in 1961, Syed Tassaduq Hussain, a first National awardee in 1969, was the head of the Gulistan Cooperative Society in Bidar. There are craftsmen in this art practice who took this practice to national and international recognition. Along with local artisans, the art spread far and wide and was handed over to generations as time passed.īidri art researcher Rehaman Patel shares that the awardees also had shown their skills by exhibiting varieties of Bidri art in foreign countries. According to some accounts, Kaiser worked with local craftsmen and the partnership resulted in bidriware under the rule of Ahmed Shah and his son Second Alauddin Bahmani. Abdullah bin Kaiser, a craftsman from Iran was invited by the Sultan Ahmed Shah Bahmani to work on decorating the royal palaces and courts.
The art form developed in the kingdom that was a mix of Turkish, Persian and Arabic influences which were intermingled with the local styles and thus a unique style of its own was born.
It was first brought to India by noted Sufi Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chisti in the form of utensils. Bidriware techniques and style are influenced by Persian art. The origin of bidriware is usually attributed to the Bahamani sultans who ruled Bidar in the 14th–15th centuries. Origins A end 17th century, Bidriware hookah base at Louvre This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry on. The metal used is white brass that is blackened and inlaid with silver. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief center of production. It was developed in the 14th century C.E.
Bidriware is a metal handicraft from the city of Bidar in Karnataka.
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